A conceptually rigorous validation of the discovery of force as a fundamental quantum observable

University of Ghana, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences - Legon, Accra, Ghana

Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 2 April 2026

Abstract

In a recent study (Adom R., Int. J. Quantum Found., 12 (2025) 379), I developed a mathematical formulation of force as an essential quantum observable, connecting its quantum wave equation to the violation of translational symmetries that govern the behavior of open quantum systems in a particularly coherent manner. In this letter, I demonstrate that, following the same methodological principles that underpin the well-established quantum wave equations, the proposed force wave equation constitutes a theoretically sound framework that emerges naturally when energy-momentum exchange, instigated by force, is viewed as the fundamental organizing principle for non-relativistic quantum dynamics. This validates the conceptual and mathematical foundations of the framework.