| Issue |
EPL
Volume 131, Number 4, August 2020
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 41003 | |
| Number of page(s) | 5 | |
| Section | The Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/131/41003 | |
| Published online | 07 September 2020 | |
Lost in normalization
Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University - Tehran 1993891167, Iran
(a) fath@alzahra.ac.ir (corresponding author)
Received: 21 July 2020
Accepted: 4 August 2020
The consequences of the gauge-coupling–dependent normalization factor of 
in the transfer matrix of 2d U(1) lattice gauge theory are explored. It is seen by the 
choice that the lowest energy develops a minimum at coupling 
, leading to a multi-valued Gibbs energy similar to the systems with the first-order phase transition. It is argued how the 
normalization may be regarded as a lost normalization in the commonly used change of variable to the dimensionless angle-variables. Based on the continuum limit at the next-leading order and the Ostrogradsky formulation of higher-order time-derivatives theories, it is argued that the spectrum at continuum is compatible only with the choice.
PACS: 11.15.Ha – Lattice gauge theory
© 2020 EPLA
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