Nonexistence of classical diamagnetism and nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems for charged particles on a curved surface

II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart - Stuttgart 70550, Germany

Received: 4 January 2010
Accepted: 20 January 2010

Abstract

We show that the classical Langevin dynamics for a charged particle on a closed curved surface in a time-independent magnetic field leads to the canonical distribution in the long time limit. Thus the Bohr-van Leeuwen theorem holds even for a finite system without any boundary and the average magnetic moment is zero. This is contrary to the recent claim by Kumar and Kumar (EPL, 86 (2009) 17001), obtained from numerical analysis of Langevin dynamics, that a classical charged particle on the surface of a sphere in the presence of a magnetic field has a nonzero average diamagnetic moment. We extend our analysis to a many-particle system on a curved surface and show that the nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems also hold in this geometry.