Effective-energy universality approach describing total multiplicity centrality dependence in heavy-ion collisions

¹ Experimental Physics Department, CERN - 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
² Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington - Arlington, TX 76019, USA
³ Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico - Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
⁴ Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology - Indore 452020, India
⁵ Department of Physics, New York University - New York, NY 10003, USA
⁶ Physics Department, Manhattan College - Riverdale, NY 10471, USA

^(a) Edward.Sarkisyan-Grinbaum@cern.ch
^(b) Aditya.Nath.Mishra@cern.ch
^(c) Raghunath.Sahoo@cern.ch
^(d) Alexandre.Sakharov@cern.ch

Received: 13 June 2019
Accepted: 8 September 2019

Abstract

The recently proposed participant dissipating effective-energy approach is applied to describe the dependence on centrality of the multiplicity of charged particles measured in heavy-ion collisions at the collision energies up to the LHC energy of 5 TeV. The effective-energy approach relates multihadron production in different types of collisions, by combining, under the proper collision energy scaling, the constituent quark picture with Landau relativistic hydrodynamics. The measurements are shown to be well described in terms of the centrality-dependent effective energy of participants and an explanation of the differences in the measurements at RHIC and LHC is given by means of the recently introduced hypothesis of the energy-balanced limiting fragmentation scaling. A similarity between the centrality data and the data from most central collisions is proposed pointing to the central character of participant interactions independent of centrality. The findings complement our earlier studies of the similar midrapidity pseudorapidity density measurements extending the description to the full pseudorapidity range in view of the similarity of multihadron production in nucleon interactions and heavy-ion collisions.