Measurement-device–independent quantum secure direct communication of multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon

¹ School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications - Nanjing, 210003, China
² Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing, 210003, China
³ Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications - Nanjing, 210003, China

Received: 23 June 2020
Accepted: 6 August 2020

Abstract

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) can realize the direct and secure transmission of information instead of sharing secure keys between two parties. Similar to quantum key distribution (QKD), in practical applications, QSDC may suffer from attacks from imperfect detector. Measurement-device–independent QSDC (MDI-QSDC) can remove all attacks at detector's side and close all loopholes in the detection system. However, existing MDI-QSDC protocols have relatively low capacity. In this paper, we propose a high-capacity MDI-QSDC protocol of multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon. Compared with original MDI-QSDC protocols, our protocol has larger channel capacity which can use a single photon to transmit multi-bit of secure information. This protocol may have potential application in future quantum secure communication.