Distinct properties of vortex bound states driven by temperature

National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093, China

^(a) fxinwei@sina.com (corresponding author)
^(b) hhwen@nju.edu.cn

Received: 24 August 2021
Accepted: 12 November 2021

Abstract

We investigate the behavior of vortex bound states in the quantum limit by self-consistently solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation. We find that the energies of the vortex bound states deviates from the analytical result with the half-integer angular momentum μ at very low temperature. Specifically, the energy ratio for the first three orders is closer to 1: 2: 3 than to 1: 3: 5 in the extreme quantum limit . The local density of states reveals a Friedel-like behavior associated with that of the pair potential, which will be smoothed out by the thermal effect above the quantum limit. Our studies show that the vortex bound states can exhibit very distinct features in different temperature regimes, which provides a comprehensive understanding and should stimulate more experimental efforts for verification.