Emergent isotropy of a wave-turbulent cascade in the Gross-Pitaevskii model

¹ Department of Physics, Osaka City University - 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
² Department of Physics, Yale University - New Haven, CT 06520, USA
³ Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University - New Haven, CT 06520, USA
⁴ Department of Physics, Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University - 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi- ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan

^(a) E-mail: d21sa002@st.osaka-cu.ac.jp (corresponding author)

Received: 27 July 2022
Accepted: 6 December 2022

Abstract

The restoration of symmetries is one of the most fascinating properties of turbulence. We report a study of the emergence of isotropy in the Gross-Pitaevskii model with anisotropic forcing. Inspired by recent experiments, we study the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a cylindrical box driven along the symmetry axis of the trap by a spatially uniform force. We introduce a measure of anisotropy A(k, t) defined on the momentum distributions , and study the evolution of A(k, t) and as turbulence proceeds. As the system reaches a steady state, the anisotropy, large at low momenta because of the large-scale forcing, is greatly reduced at high momenta. While exhibits a self-similar cascade front propagation, A(k, t) decreases without such self-similar dynamics. Finally, our numerical calculations show that the isotropy of the steady state is robust with respect to the amplitude of the drive.