Insights into coherently controlled Fizeau light dragging in five-level atomic medium

¹ Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University - 23200, Mardan, Pakistan
² College of Science, Hohai University - Changzhou, 313251, China
³ Department of Physics, University of Malakand - Chakdara, Pakistan
⁴ Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University - Charsadda, Pakistan
⁵ School of communications and information engineering, Chongqing university of posts and telecommunications - Chongqing, 400065, China
⁶ James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow - Glasgow, UK
⁷ School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing, 210094, China
⁸ Muhayil Asir, Applied College, King Khalid University - Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia

Received: 24 July 2024
Accepted: 5 December 2024

Abstract

We address the coherent regulation of Fizeau's light dragging effect in a five-level atomic medium using the exploitation of joint strong control and weak probing fields. The strength of Fizeau's light dragging, as well as the phase velocity and group index, exhibit a strong reliance upon the detuning of the probing type field and the associated Rabi type frequencies of the control fields. The maximum coefficient for Fizeau's light dragging is determined to be ±500. This phenomenon significantly affects the phase along with the group velocities and induces a phase shift in light pulses propagating through the medium. Besides, the phase shift with maximum strength of light pulse in the medium is found to be ±0.08 radians. Finally, it is important to note that our findings hold practical implications for applications such as interferometry, imaging coding, and the development of cloaking devices.