Dynamically emergent correlations

¹ LPTMS, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay - 91405 Orsay, France
² Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies, CNRS UMR 7589 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France

Received: 12 March 2026
Accepted: 7 May 2026

Abstract

In this perspective article, we discuss the scenario of dynamically emergent correlation (DEC) arising in classical and quantum noninteracting systems when they are subjected to a common fluctuating stochastic environment. The key property of such systems is that the strong correlations between different particles emerge from the dynamics and not from built-in interactions. In many cases, these strong correlations persist even at long times in the stationary state. Computing observables explicitly for such strongly correlated states in general is very hard. Remarkably, the stationary states in several models of DEC exhibit an interesting analytical structure that allows to compute physical observables, despite being strongly correlated. Recent experiments on trapped colloidal particles have established that these DEC in the stationary state can in fact be measured. DEC is a rapidly emerging domain of strongly correlated out-of-equilibrium statistical physics, with both theoretical and experimental, as well as classical and quantum, components.