Issue |
Europhys. Lett.
Volume 67, Number 5, September 2004
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 840 - 846 | |
Section | Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2003-10309-6 | |
Published online | 01 August 2004 |
Output spectrum of a measuring device at arbitrary voltage and temperature
1
Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Universität Karlsruhe D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
2
Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
Received:
14
November
2003
Accepted:
16
June
2004
We calculate the noise spectrum of the electrical current in a
quantum point contact which is used for continuous measurements of
a two-level system (qubit). We generalize the previous results
obtained for the regime of high transport voltages (when V is
much larger than the qubit's energy level splitting B (we put
)) to the case of arbitrary voltages and temperatures.
When
, the background output spectrum is essentially
asymmetric in frequency, i.e., it is no longer classical.
Yet, the spectrum of the amplified signal, i.e., the two
coherent peaks at
, is still symmetric. In the
emission (negative frequency) part of the spectrum the coherent
peak can be 8 times higher than the background pedestal.
Alternatively, this ratio can be seen in the directly measureable
excess noise. For
and
the coherent peaks do not
appear at all. We relate these results to the properties of
linear amplifiers.
PACS: 74.50.+r – Tunneling phenomena; point contacts, weak links, Josephson effects / 03.65.Ta – Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory
© EDP Sciences, 2004
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