| Issue |
EPL
Volume 90, Number 3, May 2010
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 37003 | |
| Number of page(s) | 5 | |
| Section | Condensed Matter: Electronic Structure, Electrical, Magnetic and Optical Properties | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/90/37003 | |
| Published online | 01 June 2010 | |
Bosonization out of equilibrium
1
Institut für Theorie der kondensierten Materie, Universität Karlsruhe - 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, EU
2
DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, Universität Karlsruhe - 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, EU
3
Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science - Rehovot 76100, Israel
4
Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe - 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, EU
5
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute - 188300 St. Petersburg, Russia
Corresponding author: gutman@tkm.uni-karlsruhe.de
Received:
31
January
2010
Accepted:
16
April
2010
We develop a bosonization technique for one-dimensional fermions out of equilibrium. The approach is used to study a quantum wire attached to two electrodes with arbitrary energy distributions. The non-equilibrium electron Green function is expressed in terms of functional determinants of a single-particle“counting” operator with a time-dependent scattering phase. The result reveals an intrinsic relation of dephasing and energy redistribution in Luttinger-liquids to “fractionalization” of electron-hole excitations in the tunneling process and at boundaries with leads.
PACS: 73.23.-b – Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems / 73.40.Gk – Tunneling / 73.50.Td – Noise processes and phenomena
© EPLA, 2010
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