Prefixed-threshold real-time selection for free-space phase-matching quantum key distribution

¹ Institute of Signal Processing Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) Nanjing, 210003, China
² Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education Nanjing, 210003, China
³ College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University - Nanjing 211816, China

^(a) 2021010209@njupt.edu.cn
^(b) zhaosm@njupt.edu.cn (corresponding author)

Received: 24 November 2021
Accepted: 2 March 2022

Abstract

Phase-matching quantum key distribution (PM-QKD), a practical version of twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD), is able to surpass the linear bound without quantum repeaters. Implementing PM-QKD through free space can guarantee two parties to share unconditionally secure keys between ground stations and mobile platforms. However, atmospheric turbulence (AT) in the free-space channel would decrease the secure key rate (SKR) since it would cause fluctuations of transmittances. Two works we do are presented in this paper. First, for simplicity and generality, we derive the SKR for 4-intensity PM-QKD with asymmetric channel transmittances. Secondly, we apply the observable model of the prefixed-threshold real-time selection (P-RTS) method to mitigate the effect of AT in PM-QKD. Here, the authorized parties predetermine the threshold of transmittances and use it to select the signals while monitoring the real-time transmittances. The results show that the performance of PM-QKD in free space is severely degraded by AT, while P-RTS can reduce the impact of AT, making it transmit more than 3 times as long the distance and have a 3.37 times as large SKR at a distance of 50 km.